不同遮荫处理对翠云草叶色变化的影响

本研究以半年生翠云草盆栽为试验材料,研究不同遮荫处理对翠云草叶色变化的影响。试验设置全光照R0(透光率100%NS)、一层遮荫R1(38%NS)、二层遮荫R2(20%NS)、三层遮荫R3(16%NS)和四层遮荫R4(10%NS)共5个处理。处理3个月后,比较叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、叶绿素a/b、类胡萝卜素、花色素苷、苯丙氨酸解氨酶及可溶性糖含量变化。结果显示,叶绿素含量在3层遮荫处理下最高,叶片表现出特殊的蓝绿色;全光照下,叶绿素含量和花色素苷含量均最低,而类胡萝卜素含量最高,说明叶片受到强光胁迫,是类胡萝卜素而不是花色素苷取代了那部分被破坏的叶绿素,因此叶片表现出红色。方差分析表明,不同遮荫处理对翠云草叶片中叶绿素含量影响极显著,对花色素苷含量影响显著,而对类胡萝卜素含量影响不显著。掌握翠云草叶色在不同遮荫条件下的变化规律,有助于在园林中根据景观需要进行合理配置,创造别具特色的园林植物景观。     

不同贮藏方法及激素、稀土等对牡丹种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

用不同贮藏方法及激素、稀土处理牡丹种子和幼苗,结果显示:冰箱内湿藏、干藏和自然湿藏能有效地提高陈种子的发芽率,用GA3、6-BA、α-NAA、稀土处理不同贮藏方法的陈种子后,GA3、6-BA发芽率表现最佳;新种子幼苗适应性高于陈种子;药用牡丹幼苗优于观赏牡丹;用激素和稀土处理种子及幼苗后,牡丹幼苗生长势表现为用稀土和GA3最好,6-BA和α-NAA稍次.     

集水措施下油松植树带微域环境的水量平衡分析

为解决因干旱少水导致黄土高原树木生长不良的问题,利用径流林业的理论,对不同集水面积和集水措施对油松生长环境的水量平衡做了研究。结果表明,不同的集水面积和坡面处理措施对植树带的来水量、耗水量和水量平衡都产生较大影响。其中集水面积5m2的水分盈余比集水面积3m2的要多,采取压实拍光措施(PG)的水分盈余比未采取措施(CK)的要多。     

不同盐处理对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

利用溶液培养方法研究了Ca(NO3)2、KNO3、NaNO3和NaCl.4种盐在阴离子浓度为14、56、98、1401、82.mmol/L.5个水平下对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:随着阴离子浓度的升高,4种盐处理均使黄瓜幼苗的生长受到抑制,质膜透性增大,脯氨酸含量增加,不同盐对保护酶系活性的影响有差异;3种含硝酸盐类的阳离子的影响大小依次为:钠盐>钾盐>钙盐;在相同水平的Na+离子条件下,NaNO3处理对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响大于NaCl处理。     

Earthworm biomass response to soil management in semi-arid tropical Alfisol agroecosystems

Earthworms recorded during 1989–1993 across 15 soil management treatments, comprising three different tillagexthree organic amendments (bare, farmyard manure, and rice straw) and six perennial ley treatments, belonged to two endogeic species, Octochaetona phillotti (Michaelsen) and Lampito mauritii Kinberg, while in a nearby undisturbed natural revegetation area three species were found, including the above two and Octonochaeta rosea (Stephenson). The earthworm biomass showed significant temporal and spatial variations and was higher during the post monsoon period than in the early rainy season. No worm biomass was recorded during the dry season. In the tillage and organic amendment treatments, the biomass was drastically reduced from September 1989 to September 1991 after the application of carbofuran and some herbicides, and was significantly reduced during these two years compared to that of 1992. The maximum monthly earthworm biomass ranged between 2.5 and 17.9 g m^-2 across the treatments and increased several-fold in the nearby natural revegetation area (75.9 g m^-2). It significantly increased in perennial ley treatments compared to annual treatments with organic amendments. Thus the earthworm biomass varied significantly (P<0.01) across the 15 treatments, indicating discernible effects of soil management.Visiting Scientist (under the Rockefeller Foundation Environmental Research Fellowship in International Agriculture)     

植物生长调节剂在植物体细胞胚发生中的应用

合理应用植物生长调节剂是成功诱导体细胞胚的决定因素,也是影响体细胞胚高频率发生的主要因素。本文从生长素类、细胞分裂素类、赤霉素、脱落酸以及各类植物生长调节剂间组合使用等几个方面综述了外源植物生长调节剂在体细胞胚发生中的应用进展,为植物体细胞胚的诱导提供了一定的参考价值。     

长期不同施肥制度下土壤有机质质量动态变化规律

通过8年定位试验,研究了长期不同施肥制度下土壤有机质质量动态变化规律。结果表明,采用有机肥(物)料配施常量NPK化肥,土壤有机碳、易氧化有机碳、腐殖酸碳及其占总有机碳比率、HAC、FAC和HAC/FAC不断提高,Kos持续下降,其变化速率表现为递减;长期不施肥和单施常量NPK化肥则造成Kos持续上升,其余指标以递减速率下降。不同施肥制度下土壤有机质质量指标的动态变化可利用渐近函数模拟。在试验的不同阶段,土壤腐殖酸碳总量的亏损或盈余向HAC分配比例的变化态势各异,长期不施肥处理随时间的延长渐减,单施常量NPK化肥处理基本上分配至HAC;有机肥(物)料配施化肥则呈现出后期>前期>中期的趋势。     

膜下滴灌条件下膜间不同处理对土壤水盐运移的影响

[目的]寻求合理的膜间土壤盐分累积控制方法,为指导盐碱地田间调控提供科学依据。[方法]采用覆秸秆,铺砂,喷施高分子化合物PAM,压实等方式对膜间裸地进行处理,对比分析各种处理措施的功效。[结果](1)各处理都能不同程度的减小膜间的水分蒸发量,起到保水作用。其中,在试验期间,覆秸秆的蒸发量为0.11cm,铺砂子蒸发量为0.34cm,喷施PAM为0.59cm,压实为1.55cm,而对照为2.32cm。(2)各处理都能提高膜间和覆膜窄行的土壤含水量。在覆膜窄行深度为10cm处,覆秸秆的土壤含水量相对降低率为47%,铺砂土的壤含水量为45%,施PAM的土壤含水量为56%,压实的土壤含水量为64%,对照为土壤含水量77%。(3)减小盐分在作物根层的积累。在覆膜窄行深度为10cm处,覆秸秆的相对脱盐率为3%,铺砂的相对脱盐率为2%,施用PAM的相对脱盐率为0%,压实的相对脱盐率为-16%,而对照的相对脱盐率为-28%。[结论]采用膜间处理能够减小水分散失和盐分在根层的积累,其中覆秸秆的功效最好。     

转基因（反义ACS和反义Nr）番茄伤流中植物激素的运输＊

以转反义ACS（ACC合成酶）和反义NR（乙烯受体蛋白）基因番茄和普通番茄（Lycopersicon escclentum Mill．）作为试材，通过ELISA（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay）方法研究了抑制乙烯合成的外源基因转入番茄后，伤流中植物激素的变化。发现转基因番茄和普通番茄在盛花期和盛果期伤流中各种植物激素的含量变化不显著；而到了成熟期伤流中IAA、GA，和CTKs（细胞分裂素）仍然没有显著变化，但转基因番茄伤流中ABA含量与普通番茄相比却显著减少，说明ABA和乙烯对番茄成熟衰老的控制是共同起作用的，乙烯释放量的改变和信号转导途径的抑制都会影响ABA的伤流运输。     

Infection, immunity and the neuroendocrine response

The Central Nervous (CNS) and Immune Systems (IS) are the two major adaptive systems which respond rapidly to numerous challenges that are able to compromise health. The defensive response strictly linking innate to acquired immunity, works continuously to limit pathogen invasion and damage. The efficiency of the innate response is crucial for survival and for an optimum priming of acquired immunity. During infection, the immune response is modulated by an integrated neuro-immune network which potentiates innate immunity, controls potential harmful effects and also addresses metabolic and nutritional modifications supporting immune function. In the last decade much knowledge has been gained on the molecular signals that orchestrate this integrated adaptive response, with focus on the systemic mediators which have a crucial role in driving and controlling an efficient protective response. These mediators are also able to signal alterations and control pathway dysfunctions which may be involved in the persistence and/or overexpression of inflammation that may lead to tissue damage and to a negative metabolic impact, causing retarded growth.This review aims to describe some important signalling pathways which drive bidirectional communication between the Immune and Nervous Systems during infection. Particular emphasis is placed on pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunomodulator hormones such as Glucocorticoids (GCs), Growth hormone (GH), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and Leptin, as well as nutritional factors such as Zinc (Zn).Finally, the review includes up-to-date information on this neuroimmune cross-talk in domestic animals. Data in domestic animal species are still limited, but there are several exciting areas of research, like the potential interaction pathways between mediators (i.e. cytokine-HPA regulation, IL-6-GCS-Zn, cytokines-GH/IGF-1, IL-6-GH-Leptin and thymus activity) that are or could be promising topics of future research in veterinary medicine.